Spacing device for adjusting to close limits



May 7, 1946. s. Y. WHITE SPACING DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING TO CLOSE LIMITS 8 Sheets-sheaf, 1

Original Filed April 18, 1942 INVENTQR. Sidney Y Wh/fe May 7, 1946- s. Y. WHITE SPACING DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING TO CLOSE LIMITS 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed April 18, 1942 fig 4.

6 m mw v N ATTORNEYS May 7, 1946. s. Y. WHITE I SPACING DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING TO CLOSE LIMITS Original Filed April -18; 1942 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 ax W KW m mm L w M W, v, .5

ATTORNEYS May 7, 1946. s. Y. WHITE SPAGING DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING TO CLOSE LIMITS Original Filed April 18, 1942 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 R Wm mm m m 1 A m M w. w.

May 7, 1946. s. Y. WHITE SPACING DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING TO CLOSE LIMITS Original Filed April 18, 1942 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOB.

ATTORN s/mey gyhlrm May 7, 1946. 5. Y. WHITE 2,399,702 I SPACING DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING TO CLOSE LIMITS Original Filed April 18, 1942 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 ATTORN EY5 s. Y. WHITE 2,399,702

SPACING DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING TO CLOSE LIMITS May 7, 1946.

Origina l Filed Apri1 l8, 1942 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR. S/dn'ey Y Wh/fe syhmhrlli, 6% m ATTORNEYS ay 7, 1946 s. Y. WHITE 2,399,702

SPACING DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING TQ CLOSE LIMITS Original Filed April 18 1942 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 INVEILITOR. fildney X Wm'fe ATTORNEYS Patented May 7, 1946 UNITED: STAT-Es SPAGIN'G DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING :TO' 1 CLOSE LIMITS? Sidney Y.,White,. Wilmette, Illi', assig n'on .to Victor.

S. Johnson, Chicago; 111.;

Alex "Thomson ade ministratorof said Victor SE'Johns'on-,"deceased Original application: April -18,r"; 1942,w Serial" No. 439,509., Divided and this application March 1944,.Serial No. 525,886

4 Claims.

The present application .is a ,divisiom of my l pendingapplication;Seria1No;-439,509, filed April 18, 1942, for Devicedor adjusting tortuningtow close limits.

In .said prior application anmoperated member adapted fortadjustment tow close limits. The N operated member. 15311111311319; tivelytdisclosed in. one-form of embodiment as; the tuning means for tuninga radio-circuit, and in another rformofembodiment as an-adjustable. gageublock of a gage forrmeasuring'. the .dimen-v sionssof an article:

The invention of said prior, applicationflis-cnot limited, however, to suchillustrative uses, but isof generalutility for adjusting-an.operated mem 71;, her whenever anadjustment oi-suohmember-to close limits isdesired. t

For the adjustment oi-such an. operated mem-tv berv in accordance with thetdisclosureaof ,saidwpending applic erating .member having a limited; range-of move ment whichsis a desirably continuous; andv finely graduatedcandua spacingv member interposedbee' tween the operatingcand operated members. i The: spacing2 member is arranged to displace-the I op erated member to different mechanically deter-w disclosure is..-madeof 5 mined. positions according-to itssettingt relative to the operating\ member: .for a any given. position 1 of thelatter so that the operated member may,- for any of itspositions as determined by the. set-1 3 ting of the spacing vmemberpbeumoved through a. selected, limited Lrange .ofnmovementcby theJop-fl eratingmember.

Inaccordance with-apractieal andrhighly advantageousv ,form ofsaidinvention the spacing.. memberis providedwith a. pluralitpof steps in adapted tdimpartsuccessive stepseof movement to thesoperated member, said movements being: of predetermined-extent andequalto one, another, and also equal orsubstant-ially equal.tothe1imited... range of movement. of ,1 the operating member. Such. relationship. is, not necessary, however, for. the practice ofthe invention,.,andit will be under:-- stood that for certain purposes the=severa1mstepsn of the spacing. member may.obe-unequalt'and also that the. limited .amount of .movementiixhparted tor-the operated member .b'ythe actuationwofvthe. operatingmember may beemore or .lesstthan any, one steppf movement imparted tonthesoperatedai memberin responsato themovement tot-the slider-V ingtmember;

There -is'.--fur.ther 1 provi ded: in association with; each of .such operatinggandespacingimembersiat dialzdevice, the reading of thendiahassociatedawithcr the operating member indicating'zthe-settingf:0f"'

ation, provision .is made ofran op 1;

the; operatedvmemberedue to its displacement by i the operating :member. andttherreading ofthe dial associated with .thespacing: member 1 indicating the settings of :the operat displacement of .the read-in setting of: the operatedm members'in any caserwhere both the-latter mem-- bers are; operated:: The described dial arrangementaprov-ides a ve amount tof space; is sive to manutactures easily tread and is inexpen its application? for indicatin radio receiver isldescribed-l- No .claimnisemade herein to the combination structure,-the "present-application being directed to-novelrfeatures ofthe spacinggdevice per set Objects f thee present invention have t witnthe-rprovision-tof a spacing device which can be made-std producet mechanically; determined steps of operation of the o cisely established magnitude, the -de such: constructionically andtwill be durablewand. dependable inuse; Claims directed to novel combinations, in radio vice r being 05 tuning iapparatus and -.in* gages are included in t d in my parent application referred -toabove;- an another divisional application executed concur rently herewith-and entitled Gages.

Inoallotingstation-frequencies in radiobroad casting, ittis thecustomrin this country to space the stations 10 kc. apa similarly separateddn the ultra-high frequency spectrum, 2,500 stations would be-"passed through intuning areceiver through the-frequency range of *to megacycles; For indicating the'tuning @ofathe 1 receiver :by means r of a dial mechanically connected to thertuningmeans, it has been found that dial divisions spaced 0.1 inch apart are easy to read and arespaced iarenough apart so that, adjustment :from one dial division to the next maybe-made next adjacent station. Tuning through the2,500 stations would thereforerequire' 2,500 dial divisions spaced 0.1ine of 250- inches;.-which-would require -a-single dial having adiametenot approximately 80 inches. SllGhXafliaIEiS:iobViOllSly com on account of its largeesize; is'one ofrthermain::objects;of thepresentinventiomto ziprovide"ameasyyreading z'dial' arrangement n 'Whi'cha pair of dials 0 ed member due to-its :by the spacing member. The sum. gs of the two dials -indicates the r ember-resulting fromits displacement hy-both the operating and spacing.

ry; extensive t effective dial surface yet atther-same time takes uponly a small 1 Further advantages of such a 'dualtdial arrangement will become apparent as g. the setting. of a perated member of pre that-it can-be-made econome rt so that if stations were to-tunethe receiver tothe apart or a total dial length mercially impractical weight and cost: It

f'fonly l inches diam eter provide the equivalent of approximately 25 ft. of dial length. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the two dials are concentrically mounted for rotation about a common axis so that the entire adjusting and indicating unit may be made very compact and light in weight, the entire unit occupying only about 8 cubic inches of space. Furthermore, its component part are so constructed that while it provides precise adjustment of the tuning instrumentality or other driven member throughout its full range, of adjustment, yet its cost of production is so low that its use is not restricted to expensive measuringor radio apparatus designed for laboratory use only. On the other hand the device is especially adapted for use in tuning mobile radio equipment such as radio receivers for use in airplanes, boats, automobiles, etc., where the equipment is subjected to considerable vibration and wide variationsin temperature and humidity and Where its energizing current is apt to be supplied by dry batteries Whose voltage gradually decreases with use.

It has been found that a resonant circuit comprising a stationary coil and condenser may be tuned over the range of 100 to 125 megacycles by means of a compressed powdered iron core which is supported for longitudinal adjustment along the axis of the coil and that by suitable choice of the circuit constants, a linear relation exists between the dial adjustment and the resonant frequency of the circuit. It was found that a motion of the cOre of 0.250 inch is sufficient to tune the circuit through the entire frequency range of 25 megacycles or 2,500 stations. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the iron core is mounted on a push rod which is actuated by a crum, the outer end of the lever being rocked by a coarse pitch screw which carries a dial continuously calibrated over approximately 270 of its periphery from to 1,000 kc. The pitch lever from a point near its fulof the screw and the lenghts of the lever arms are such that the iron core is advanced a distance of 0.010 inch for a rotation of the dial of 270. Each division of the dial may desirably be made to represent a displacement'of the iron core by an amount suflicient to tune the circuit to the next station (10 kc.). A rotation of this continuous dial from 0 to 1,000 tions between 100 and 101 megacycles, the station frequency above 100 megacycles being read directly on the dial in kc. The initial frequency of 100 megacycles is indicated on arsecond dial provided immediately adjacent the first dial and hereinafter described. By using a coarse pitch screw and rotating it through less than one revolution, the backlash and inaccuracy resulting from the use of a very fine pitch screw rotated through several revolutions is avoided, it being a very difi'icult and expensive operation to cut screws of fine pitch without variations in pitch between the different turns.

If now the continuous dial is returned to zero and a spacer block having a thickness of .010 inch is inserted between the lever and push rod, the iron core will be displaced rearwardly by to again tune the circuit associated with the spacer block to indicate that it is in position. The spacer block has a floating mounting so that it may move rearwardly with the iron core so that if the continuous dial is now rotated 1 division, the iron core will be displaced thus tunes the circuit over the 100 staof .0001 inch or an amount 7 ,frequency being indicated for each position of the continuous dial by adding it reading to that of the second dial.

After the highest frequency of 102 inegacycles has been reached with the first spacer block in position, by returning the continuous dial to O and replacing the'first spacer block by a second one having a thickness of .020 inch, the circuit will again be tuned to 102 megacycles as indicated by numeral 102 on the second dial, which dial i mechanically connected to all the spacer blocks. By now rotating the continuous dial through 1 division, the circuit will be tuned to 102,010 kc. as indicated by adding the readings of the two dials. Further rotation of the continuous dial will tune the circuit to successively higher frequencies until the frequency of 103 megacycles is reached. With each spacer block in position the receiver may thus be tuned through stations and it is a main feature of the invention that a whole serie of such spacer blocks is provided in the form of a stepped floating cam which is rotatably mounted so that any desired spacer block may be quickly interposed between the lever and the end of the push rod.

It is a further important feature of the invention that provision is made for adjusting the thickness of each spacer block so that each step of the stepped cam may be made exactly .010 inch thicker than the next step. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, each step of the cam is provided with an adjusting screw so that the thickness of each step may be readily and precisely adjusted to the desired value.

Another important object of the invention is the provision of such a stepped cam in which a hard wearing surface is provided on each step at the region where it engages the push rod. Such a wearing surface may be provided at a very small cost by means of a hard metal ball firmly secured in each step portion and in position to engage the end of the push rod. By providing a transverse groove in the end of the push rod so that it engages each ball at two spaced points on the curved surface of the ball andby biasing the push rod against the ball by means oi a spring, a good detent action is secured which assists in setting each ball in proper position against the push rod. Furthermore, the wear does not all take place at the high point of each balls surface as would be the case if the end of the push rod were fiat and rested against the end or high points only of the balls.

The invention is heretofore described for use in adjusting a driven member in the form of a tuning element of a resonant circuit but its use is not .so restricted. It is a further object of the invention to provide a. gage device in which two adjusting units of the type heretofore described are mounted together to form a go-no go gage for the purpose of testing the sizes of plurality of similar articles to insure that each come Within an allowable tolerance. Such a gage has a large field of utility in cases where only a relatively small number of articles are to be tested and yet Where the tolerance limits are surement is required.

Further:objectsaoigtheeimzentionz:wilLbecomee quencygradioisignaiss andaadanted: to -be teners apparentaasrz-thea. descriptions thereof! proceedsla gizedrhii drytbatteriesr. Theireceiver;isrespecially, For a-=better.-;understanding oitthe inizentionyref -i: adaptediron:mobileausezzwhere eit Fmay': be: sub-1 Y erence made to theefollowingrdescriptionztakenr. jeoted zitoishocks :andij arst.caused-.;bywrough han invconnectionnwith -theraccompanyingsdrawings,0. i=d1ihg=-r andz. ito LBXHZCIHGII changes 1; in: temperature in which: andglimmidity; the zrreceiver ibeing; constructed so Fig- 1 .i ractop plan :vie h wi .-.th .,='chassise that; such l changeszxihave cnoueflect on its turn. and certain :partsxof a :radio; receiver: tembodyingr ingzt. Theirchassisrs l l-rofiithe :receiver comprises the invention; a plurality oft-s intermediate-r; frequency trans? Fig. 2 is a fragmentary front view showing.: n: iformer units II and a plurality of miniature an zenlarged .zscale a portion: of. itheafrom: (panel vaouumrtubes;.l 2. Therreceivert'is'. providedzwith andxthe. indicatingtdialsof r the ;ra'dio::receive1a an: intermediatewertical;ipanel .l 3 1: and i a front of Fig; 1 pane'lic. i 4' which?isz.asecured;lto z the: intermediate Fig; 333s aafragmentary horizontal, sectional; panela i3'bysmeansrof thertubularsleeves .l5 and" VieW? Sh0WingIthe OPGI'ELtiIlgJlCVBI andralportibna =16; Ac'rpair rottunings control .knobs l1 of;theadjustingscrew; Figx'i isia;;verticallsectionalwiewrtaken 0n-th= nobs :being secureditoxa ,p r Shafts" line idwhoifFig. 51showing the-adjustingwsorew; ISuandiZIIA-(See(Fig; 5).1Whi0hil8XtEHd rearwardly mounting and'the. operating lever;- and"; are adapted T120: operate" a: push rod 2! Figs; 5 is; a:p1an:.view"partly'rin-sectionv showing :20 {through :con-nections. toibe-rhereinafterp described: portions-ref the--tuning-adjusting1'deviceoft-the. IT a t pi p m 'Wh Ch is. radioreceiver showninFig..l;. p edito enga e-ranvelongated: abutment 23 Fig.1fi isawerticalsectional-view taken'iomthe" securedito:thelmaneld ior-ithea pu p f p 1ine5--6 ofFig. 5 showings-portions of thetuningz Venting: ,thexrotation: of ther knob I! throu a adj usting .device 5;;yfiilli360 degreesix.

Fig.7 is azside yiew,partlyiin section; showing Movement of the'push lodi 2| effects the tuning on an enlarged scale a-portioni-of. the; radiovre-e; of'ihfi-"ireceivel y'cm f e o p s ed ceiver of Fi d; powdered: iron cores '24, Hand 26.which are seig sii ti ap i t k t :11 ,3 .3- cured to a rearr'section'fll -of:.the rod. 2|, which of.Fig: 5showing-portionsofithe adjnstinggcrew gmgsectionl-isr composed oi-insulati'on;material. The

and dial mountings; coresrr 25 ::and :2 6 :tune: theeresonant. circuits 28 Fig. 9 is a iragmentary .verticalisectional.view fl-" t h f qu n ax e carrier, hgwing t supportinggznutf r t g adjusting' andithBSiC1lT0l1itS-1may,, foriexample -be the grid Screw; circuits :of rthewfirstaRi. F.1- amplifier stage and the Fig'lo is a .vertical sectional lview takenton the 135;:first .detectorvwhile;thercore ld tunes the tank li ju -101 f Fig. 1 showingron. an enlarged scale; circuitiziiii of the toscillatorrto: airequency difiertheconstruction ofsthe coilacondenser. and. their: i gtfromttheacarrier frequency;by a desired in-; supportingstructureiofi therracl-iogreceiver of t mediate rfrequency ass fOI iBXELmDi 5.11 8381 Fig,- 1; cyolesa. Tneamechanical features =0fithe circuits Figall isa rear View; partly inzisection; show: 2MB: and-1 3u iare similarl land: are illustratedin ing on;,an;.enlarged scale; the constructionizofi the Figs-r 1 and :10-1111. connection; with the circuit 30. floating; cam :of the receiver andraportion 'of its Securedntorthei panel l3l-is4a closed. casing 3| drivin gear? \vhichxis cprovided.iwithfiawirearwardly extending Fig; 1231sv a vertical sectional .viewztakenwon; die castingi32 -ofugenerally,U shape whose exthe linen-42 of Fig- 5 showing on-anenlarged. 4 fiii nd. 0 t m wal s 33-44 serve to scale athe operating lever, floating-roam and :the firmlyz-clamp imposition: :arectangularly shaped end portion of thepushrodof: thereceiver tuning b1ock3 5: oficeramici-insulation material; This means; block 'hasfusedz. thereto "aa; thin cylindrical tube Fig. 13,- is a s frontrview taken from-:the-tleft. 36:.of ceramic materialwhich has .a helical'groove f .Fig,;14 showingon :anrenlarged scale'thenonformedeinwitsi;suriacexinwhiehitheturns of the struction of; the floating cams." coi-lai3hnare :wound; thee. coil: preierably fbeing of Fig. 14 fisra vertical sectional: view takerrgrorit silver ribbons, Therendsrottthe coilz are soldered the -line l4-I4 of Fig.=:l3'ishowingzithey -constru torarpair 'ofwsiiver blocks 38 which are secured in tion of the floating cam and its operating leilenr position on the block by the screwsz39mwhich Fig: l4a;..:isalfragmentary verticaLsectional %150 serve as the terminals: of the resonantcirview showing on a reducedscale'earmodifieddorms cuith The blocks-3B also support the condenser of mm construction, the :rear"face aof-qtheecam.:' 40-sof.the":resonantrcircuit; thecondensertermibeing partly brokenaway; nalsrbeingsoldered-directly to the blocks; Also Fig.:-l5'is auiront View, partly inssectiomzshow mountedfoneachblock 35 :for a purpose to be ingr a. tool comprising a:plungerpress adapted ion wlater described is; a compressed powdered iron forcing the ballsof thefioatingscam' -into Jtheif block .4I" (Fig; 10) shown as thaving an arcuate proper positions; upperwiace 42. TheeblockAl' is adjustably se Fig. 16 is an endyiew :takena-fromithe left of cured inppositiononthe block 35 by oneor-more" Fig: .15 showing-on-areduced;seale theisupport screws.;43:each:passingthrough. a..narr.ow vertiing jplate andthe pins which engage:the-nballszfi caleslot id' provided inxthe -block;35. 1 The rod 2| of.;the;floating cam for forcingthem-into :p0Si-- isqbiasediorwardly. with-.a-iorce preferably of tio a pound or-morevby meansrof. va spring 45' (Figs Figs. 17 to 20 show oman. enlarged scaleavpor- 1); whose rear'endlis connected to a plunger. 46 tion of the --floating cam .andwthe operationeof slidablezin a cylindrical bore 41 -formed in. the seating a'ballthereimand: casting- 32,: the s-plunger L 46 having greadily sep-e Fig.-2l isxa side viewrshow-ing ga'sgaging deyice arable -:connection-.1with;the .endil'l of the rod 2! embodying the invention; by: a ban irwhichz-is "secured to 11311856116. offlrod Referringzto ,Figs 1 the 'EiIlVGIltiOl'l'l is. tshowrririn tit -larva screwifle. 'I'he.:tension 10fv spring-545 may connectionfwith1aaradio:receivervofithesasupere be regulated bygmeansmf; aazrod iflitmwhich the-:-

heterodyne type for 1: receiving; ultramighn-iree frontstend-siiofgthe. spring is sconnected .andzwhicn is clamped in position in the bore'41 by a screw 5!. To prevent rotation of the rod 2| during its longitudinal adjustment, it is provided along its top portion near its front end with a groove 52 (see Figs. 5 and 7) in which a ball 53 is seated, the ball being carried by a bushing 54. bushing 54 is secured to the rear wall 55 of the casing 3| by screws 56 and serves to support and guide the rod 2| during its longitudinal adjustment.

Referring to Figs. 1, 5, 6 and 7 the front end of rod 2| engages a floating cam C which is mounted for both rotation and longitudinal movement, the cam being rotated by means of a gear wheel 51 secured to the shaft '20, this gear engaging a toothed gear 58 carried by the peripheral face of the cam C. Rotation of the cam C by the knob i8 and gear 51 serves to rapidly tune the resonant circuits 28 and 29 through a large number of stations in a manner to be later described. The cam C is also adapted to be moved bodily in a rearward direction to tune the circuits 28 and 29 through one or more stations by means of a lever L which is pivoted near its right end on a pin 59. An intermediate point on the lever carries a ball 60 which bears against the front face of cam C and the left end of the lever is moved rearwardly by means of a coarse pitch screw 6| formed on the shaft 19.

A detail description of'the screw BI and the means for indicating its position of adjustment will first be given. Referring to Figs. 5, 8 and 9, the threads of the screw 6| engage corresponding and spaced apart threaded portions 62-63 formed on the interior of a supporting nut 64 which is secured to the panel l3 by the screws 65. The central portion of the nut 64 is cut away, as indicated at 66, to clearthe screw 61 and is also transversely slotted, as indicated at 51, to make the end portions of the nut more flexible. The front and rear ends of the nut are longitudinally slotted and provided with spaced downwardly extending arms 68, 69 which are adapted to be drawn toward each other by the screws 10, see Figs. 4 and 9. By supporting the screw 6| near its ends, vertical or sidewise motion thereof which might move the lever L slightly is prevented and by adjustment of the screws :9, firm engagement of the threads on the end p'ortions'BZ-63 of nut 64 with the threads of adjusting screw BI is assured, it being possible by means of this construction to take up any small amount of looseness or backlash which might exist.

As shown in Figs. 1' and 5, the knob H has an integrally formed sleeve portion 1| which is secured to shaft 19 by a screw 12, the sleeve being slotted to receive a pin 13 carried by a collar 14, see Fig. 8 also, which therefore rotates with the knob ll. At its front end the collar 14 has secured thereto a thin circular dial 15 which has 100 graduation divisions which extend through 270 degrees, as shown in Fig. 2. The dial reading appears in a window opening 15 in panel M which is provided with index marks 11 and, in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, each division of dial 15 represents kc. Mounted behind and concentric with the dial is a second dial 1'8 which is secured to a collar 19 rotatable on the collar 14. The graduations on the dial 18 are spaced apart by a substantial distance, as shown in Fig. 2, and also appear in the window opening 16, each graduation representing'1,000 kc. For rotating the dial 18 its periphery is provided with gear teeth '80 which Theengage and are driven'by the teeth of a gear 81 secured to the shaft 20, see Figs. 2, 5 and 7. In order to prevent the rotation of the dial 18 through a complete revolution, a stop pin 19a projects from the rear face of the collar 19, see

I portion and also through the upper and lower side walls 83, 84 of a channel shaped supporting bracket whose front wall is secured to the panel l3 by the screws 86. The pivot pin 59 is a tight fit for the holes in the pivoted member .82 and the upper and lower channel walls 83-84 to prevent any lost motion in pivoted member 82 as it oscillates. The center portion of the pivoted member 82 is cut away slightly so as to clear the upper and lower walls 8384 but the end portions of these walls engage the upper and lower walls of the pivoted member 82 at all times thereby preventing any lost motion in an up.- Ward or downward direction of the pivoted member 82 about its pivot pin. The pivoted member 182 is constantly biased toward the adjusting screw Si by means of an elongated flat spring 8'! which is bent into the form shown in Fig. 8 and whose right-hand end is secured to the base of the channel bracket 85 by the screws 88 and thin plate 88a. The other end of the spring bears upon a pin 89 which extends between the upper and lower walls 90 of the channel member 82. Near its right-hand end the channel member 82 carries the ball 69 which engages the cam 0 while near its left-hand end it is provided with a bore adapted to receive a threaded screw 9| provided with a lock nut 92. The head of screw BI is formed as a steel button 93 whose front surface bears against a steel ball 94 which is partly embedded in the end of the screw 6|. To prevent Wear of the button 93 its front face is preferably polished and lapped and hard chrome plated. The pitch of the screw GI and the proportions of the arms of the lever L. are such that when the knob I1 is rotated from the graduation zero to the graduation 1,000 on dial 15, the ball 60 will move the cam C and the push rod 2| rearwardly a distance of exactly .010 inch.

Referring to Figs. 11 to 14 for a detail description of the cam C, this is shown as comprising a generally disc shaped cam member 95 whose rear face is provided with 26 steps of increasing thickness, a steel ball 96 being secured in each step in a manner to be later described. The cam disc 95 is preferably formed as a die casting of an alloy consisting of 90% aluminum, 4% copper and 6% silicon. This alloy is readily adapted to the die casting process and is at the same time very tough, durable and corrosion resistant. The balls 96 are of the same diameter and are disposed at the same radius from the center of rotation of the cam disc 95. The bearing face of each ball is disposed at an elevation of exactly .010 inch from that of the next adjacent ball and the balls are adapted to come successively into engagement with spaced apart points 91 f a button 98 formed of carboloy and which is brazed to the end of the push rod 2 l. The spaced bearing points 91 are provided by cutting a horiton 98, which construction results inmost ofthe zont'al- V shapd groove fieiin theiendof the 'but- Figures 6, l2 and l4 it will beobserved-that the ever L extends horizontal-lyacross thecenter line abrasion" andwear on each ball fifi occurring at ofshaft lill -so'that'theslightsidewise movement the high point of the ball which is-not a gaging -of the ball fiflcausedby theoscillationof thelever pointgthe amount of abrasion and wear on the 5= XeXetsl only a:-'radia1 component of force on the gaging points of the ballheingrelatively small. disc la! i sothat theloscillation of lever L has no The provision oflthergroove'ifi also eliminates :=tendencyto rotatethe camdisc-95- whichwould minor errors which mightotherwise ibe-caused ineturn displacethe puslr-rod 2l by a very. small by small variations in the radius ofsvthe -balls-"flfi "amount but; nevertheless;intoandncorrect-posifrom the center of the camrdisc i he -"conlo tion.

'struction also-provides a "good detenttaction, E Thesmannerz in which the hal1s 95 are secured since ifhthe cam disc95 is not manually adjusted -tor thexcamudisci 95 is shown in connection with :to exactly the correct position, =that bearing iifligsli'1fx.rtol201in:which a plungerpress'P is shown point H'I WhiCh is in engagement with the-sloping casuhavingw -aplunger or ram H9 mounted for surface of a ball 96wil1 ride =down-such-surface :15zreciprocationin the head lZflofthe press provided underthe bias of the-spring -EE therlebyt exerting with the cylinderLahore l2l ,"to'-and from: which acamming actionon the cam' disc e'ezswhi 1 liquid-infidel LDTBSSUJ'Q is -adapted to'beadmitted tates it a'slight amount into the correct-posit airld discharged through a-pipe I22. 'Theplunger tion lumen-position both the-bearing mm .1::eesisaprovidedxwith.an elongated groove I23 91 r engagement with th l urf ,o sth g ieadaptedlztozreceivei-acscrew 124 Which prevents 1;. as shown, j n'Fig' g any rotation of theplunger. The -plunger isbored ilg of e .butto fggiijg gmund vt tmreceivethe-projecting"end1250f a centering j in zflfilwhich islhlocked to the plunger bya screw 2.1. 1;Ihe centering-:pinl 26 #is adapted :to receive n :annular :rin 21128 boredto i receive a plur ality 1 pin I 29; therekb'eing a-pin -pr0Vided--f0r each arcuate shape as 'indicated at to provide a" better :camniing action asthe nextsucceeding =ha1l cames into 1 engagement wi'th-and $1id-351 I along such surface during the movement 1 of the push rod rearwardlm-thus facilitatingr the 1 0i the ballsi fifiuint-the cam. Meansis p d A a dju tmentgf t 2L g ;1 hfagesof nstahli'shing thelicorrect -angular position of -the the button is rounded offi sli'ghtly -as indicated at nn l r ring I28 0n the plunger H9 for -which liificg for a similar reason. murpese :lthe ringds -provided with ea bore I39 @The disdisiis,seCuredcto-me f nt,= nd f adaptec1 -to receive; the projecting end" of a posi- "shaft-ifil --whose =rear-end--is mounted for-both i 1 in J3| i dby the p unser 9. It rotation and-longitudinal mevementin-a bcaring lllrbeundelstodd 3119/01 whileeach 0f -p |Jg which secured to casing L 5 a ise-snugly fitted tolthe ring 128, nevertheless which extends into an opening -lflfiprovidedin es id ly removed from the the easting az -see' '1 ig. 14. The front-'end-ofthe Fringeifiidesiredlso -t d or eat-11min may shaft a his 'form'edas a large cylindrical disc! :14 en u d bfi ma t pm of a y t c rlw rearsurfaceisundercutnaslindieatedwat 133280131 length. iThe-facetl l 32'of:-the p1unger- H9 I05, Fig. 14. An intermediate portion of the shaft ga sthe flat' ends l33-0fthe pins lz9 ,IQQQi 'threa d da at wand a a -c e accurately groundmdiorm:a flat'surface. Senut lli'lis provided. "The front faee -of-the cam lfiuledf-ilflifitheil foot- 11M of the'-=pr s-' yap Of "disc-951s also undercut'at Hi8 tO-PIOVide gvperfphnscrews 1:35 are'laz-c air annular, ringslLlQB .131 eral face-109- which comes opposite the peripheral hichzareibored:at their-centerto receive asupface H0 of disc )4. Mountedhetweerr the disc p t -h llb fia -WhiCh in -turn carries acenter- 464 and cam disc-95 is a 'thin-steel disc l I l' whose g' -pin l39 adaptd lto center: and v support. the center portion is-solid: and whose-outer -portion c eamldisc fiE mine-press. Both' faces of the ring v ew lp am e a 3111 1112 Jit-3fieare-lzgroundfiflat astarealso thefa'ce-flfla of *Which extendfrom 'justwithin th-border of the 1 press'ioot wl and the face I4l-a ofmean- "peripheral faces 1 09-41-6 clear to the outer edge rnularrringl 131. "L-The rightmand: f ace Of'thezring -of the 'disc l-H thereby providinga plurality ofteo his provided with a plurality o aperedteeth bendable -leavesLH3 'one or which-comes*7oppo"site 4- 5m shapedzzand..zpositioned to enter the conical each of -the ballswfl. Before assembly the steel -i1apereds grooves: 1H 5"in 'the:cam disc :95. The-pins disc'l I l ishardend-arid the center portion th'ere- "111291areifirstfimadeisliglitly n r fi n y of is then annealedtdrender the material -in the ilt'henf'lithellfiatviendi i3530f? each p s g d Off central: region somewhat flexible-:sothat each leaf ear, m ilihe pin :is? of the 1 correct length. 7

i l3'may be bent slightly independent ofuthesother 111m! Operatingdthe p B 0- e p a' 0 pl es-B leaves, the;materia1' throughout thermajorsporthe bane-919s =in the openings :14 I which have been tion of. the leaves remaining hard,rh'owever. East cast in the 'cam 'disd 95 when' it was formed, each in the'frontfaceotthe cam disc'l95 oppositeiea'ch of the op'enings l4l:-- beingvprovidedwithshort .Qf t u 95 is a fith .l w r lp tio z fum straight paraliel walls l win-whichthe operator which issemi cylindrical as iridicatediat: l MiEig. presses eachhall fit snugly into the A position ,;13 xwh terxporti nzisltaperedliimthe 'show iii- Fig. 18. l hexoperator-then p1acesthe :shape ofaaacone: asnindicatedi at H5 and having cam 'disc" 95 on the -centering p 39 of the press c. the same:taper,as the head ofan adjusting screw so that the -ba1ls 96- c0me op posite thepins lzii.

H6. :This; screwiis preferably;provided-iwitheacoy Eliiid under pressure"=is then: admitted through ,.hard screw-threadedportion H1 adaptedetoncut wipe-@122 inmate-cylinder bore- IM of the press its ownthreads in? the groove H4 and thetouter whe-reuporfl the plunger is a'ctuated to move' the .endQof the-screw is rounded .off slightly, asinb he pins 1 9-"int0 engagement-with-the ;.dicated at" llfia soas toepreventlthe vendkof the balls' 96 and -forcethe balis against 'the bottom screw from cutting into the metal 'of cam discI95f70 -of the; openings 14 It" into the position shown in "Referring toFigs. 12 and lfl, itwill" be obvious Frame. nIt w ill he notd in thisfigure that each that'the distance between'the'bearing "surface 'of pin-is provided witha sharply tapered' peripheral the-ball 60 on lever L and th'e bearing surface-of =::mar'ein l i3which comes-into* eng e' nt wiih each of the balls 96 of-cam Cmay beadjustewby *thermetals-otream-disc 95. As themotionot the a slight amountby'rotating' the screws" H6. Tromi impress*plunger isi continued to its extreme end clearness.

position, the metal immediately under each ball 96 is compressed from the dotted line position line position shown in Fig. 20 and also the metal of cam 95 under each tapered tooth M is compressed from the dotted line position shown in this figure to the full line position shown therein, the amount of these compressions being shown exaggerated for the purpose of Simultaneously the tapered end portion I43 of each pin |29 is pressed into the metal of cam disc 95 and turns it over into firm engagement with the surface of the ball as shown in Fig. 20, thereby locking each ball in position on the face of the cam disc 95. The lengths of th pins 29 are made such that after the pressing operation, the bearing surface of each ball is at an elevation of .010 inch above that of the next adjacent ball. The plunger H9 is then returned to its initial position by withdrawing fluid out of the pipe H22 and the cam disc 95 with its attached balls 96 is placed in a heated oven where it is heated to a temperature slightly above 400 F. to relieve any internal strains which may have been set up in the metal of the camdisc. The operation the disc by the press P is carried on in an air conditioned room from which dust and dirt particles have been removed.

In using the tuning device the dial 18 is set at I25 and the dial 75 set at zero. The coils of the resonant circuits 2B and 29 are now individually adjusted lengthwise of the rod 2| by slightly spreading apart the upper and lower walls 33 and 34 of the casting 32, see Fig. 10, a special expanding tool (not shown) being provided for this purpose, whereupon the insulation blocks 35 are slid along the walls 33-34 until each of the circuits 28 and 29 is tuned to exactly I 25 megacycles. The expanding tool is then removed whereupon each block 35 becomes firmly clamped in position by the walls of casting 32, it being found that this clamping action is adequate to prevent the blocks from moving thereafter even when the radio set is subjected to sudden shocks or excessive vibration. The expanding tool is now inserted between the walls 33-34 closely adjacent to the block 35 of oscillator circuit 30 and the oscillator coil 31 moved longitudinally with reference to its iron core 24 until the desired oscillator frequency is secured. The expanding tool is then removed and the block 35 of the oscilby the operator rotating the knob l8 in the direction opposite to that shown by the arrow in Fig. 2 until the outer dial reads 100 megacycles. The iron blocks 4|, see Fig. 10, of the circuits 28 and 29 are then raised or lowered until each of these circuits is tuned to 100 megacycles whereupon the blocks are secured in fixed position by tightening the screws 43. The adjustment of these blocks has the effect of changing the slope of the tuning curve of these circuits. The iron block 4| of the oscillator circuit 30 is then adjusted in a similar manner to give the proper oscillator frequency. After such adjustments of the circuits to the indicated frequencies, rotation of the knob H in the clockwise direction for a distance of one division on dial causes the rotation of the screw 6| and movement of the pivoted lever 82 rearwardly, the ball 60 moving the push rod 2| and its attached cores 24, 25 and 26 rearwardly a distance of .0001 inch thereby cuits 28 and 29 to a frequency of 100,010 kc. as

101 megacycles and the iron determined by taking the sum of the reading on dial 18 and that on dial 15. This adjustment of the knob 1 has thus tuned the receiver to the next adjacent station, The knob "is now rotated another dial division of dial l5 whereupon the indicated frequency reading is 100,020 kc., as determined by adding together the two dial readings. This rotation causes the lever 82 and ball 60, Figs. 2 and 3, to be moved rearwardly so that the iron cores 24, 25 and 26 are moved rearwardly another .0001 inch at which time the circuits 2B and 29 are tuned to the frequency of the next succeeding station. When the knob H has thus been rotated through 100 dial divisions of dial 15, the circuits 28 and 29 will be tuned to cores 24, 25 and 26 will have been adjusted .010 inch rearwardly of their initial positions. By now returning the knob l1 and dial 15 to their initial or zero positions, the rod 2| will be returned to its initial position under the bias of the spring 45. By now rotating the dial |8 in the direction shown b the arrow in Fig. 2, until the outer dial 18 reads 101 megacycles, the cam disc is rotated until the next higher ball 96 thereon comes into engagement with the bearing points 9'! on the button 98, see Figs. 2 and 12. The advancement of this ball cams the push rod 2| rearwardly a distance of .010 inch and tunes the circuits 28 and 29 to the indicated dial reading of 101 megacycles. Any slight inaccuracy of the tuning to this frequency may be compensated for by the operator Withdrawing a screw M4 from a threaded aperture I45 in the casing 3|, see Figs. 1 and 7, and adjusting the aligned screw H6 in the cam disc 95 to move the cam disc 95 and the push rod 2| either forwardly or rearwardly a slight amount until the circuits are tuned to the desired frequency. v

The receiver may now be tuned consecutively through the next stations by rotating the knob l1 and dial 15 consecutively through 100 divisions of the dial 15 until this dial reads 1,000 when the circuits 28 and 29 will be tuned to 102 megacycles and the push rod 2| will be .020 inch rearwardly of its initial position. By now rotating the knob until the dial 15 reads zero and then rotating the knob l8 and the dial 18 until the dial reading of 102 megacycles appears on this dial, the third ball 95 on the cam 95 will have been brought into engagement with the bearing points 97 on the button 98 and the circuits 28 and 29 will be again tuned to 102 megacycles. Any slight inaccuracy of the tuning for this dial position may be corrected in the manner above described by adjusting the appropriate adjusting screw H6. By continuing this operation repeatedly, the receiver may be tuned through the entire 2,500 stations and the tuning of the circuits 28 and 29 lined up and adjusted to a desired value for each of the divisions on the outer dial I8 by means of the adjusting screws 6 in the manner heretofore described. It will be understood that after all these screws have been appropriately adjusted that the screw M4 will be again screwed into the threaded opening I45, Figs. 1 and 7, thereby sealing the cam C, lever L, and their associated parts in the casing 3| against the entrance of dust or dirt particles which might otherwise collect on different parts of the mechanism and destroy its accuracy by interfering with its proper operation. The receiver is then ready for operation and it is found that within the short interval of 4 seconds it may be circuits increases: as; :the .1 cores;m'ove .out tof'cthe cbilsiofthe rrespective; circuits. By making these ...-cores; hOWEVeRJi'Ofi solidcopper.thevresonant: fresquency :of; the circuits; oaniwbe liinlalde". .totidecrease 'asJthercopper: cores-move rzout Oflcthfi :coilszoffi the several i circuits. 111 copper: :cores.-.are*=.used, iathe .block =II,li"1i'ig. 1,0,:ais also -spreferably lmade:of mcopp'er.

' Where the. receiveris adapted forLtuning -to lower frequencies-as .Lfonwexample, in i the range of 3 :to 15 megacycles, in certain cases adjustment ofsthei thickness not: I earn Get 1 each of ithe steps thereon may :not be required. Insuch 'cases the more-"simple and -less expensive fornr of construction illustrated in Figi l la may be employed.

this form, a groove is cast in the' tront face -of the cam 95a at the time-the 1 cannis die cast-and sa -hardened arid -polished steel ring i -I I I a""-is pressed :into this groove -with A a force fit at the same timethe balls- 9e arepressed into--position v 30 to the forward movement of the -pu'sh rods "in the die casting. It will be understood 'that the I ring I I I a is positioned 'for engagement by the ba'll fili of =l'ever- L and-provides a hard-surface to take-up the thrust of the lever; thereby-preventingthe wearing away'of the front face of the-cam which would otherwise occur.

All-the ballsusedin the tuning device are preferably made of polished steel which has been nitrided to harden them and render them corrosion resistant. All the bushings which support the rotary shafts as well as the threaded nut 64 and the hub 54 which supports the push rod 2| are preferably made of bronze. The remaining members of the tuning device (except those above specified as being of different materials) are preferably made of duralurnin or other metal which is highly resistant to corrosion as, for example, stainless steel, bronze or Monel metal.

The invention is shown in Fig. 21 in connection with a gage of the go-no go type such gages being used to test the sizes of similar articles which must come within a certain allowable tolerance. In connection with such gages, the invention is of decided advantage where only a relatively few parts as, for example, 30 to 200 or more are to be tested and their number would not warrant the expense of building a special, non-adjustable gage for the purpose. The measuring surfaces of the gage being readily adjustable, it may be quickly set up to allow for any desired tolerance in the size of the articles under test. In the gage shown (Fig. 21) upper and lower adjusting devices are shown, each device being of the same general construction as that above described and corresponding parts being designated by the same reference characters primed and double primed. The cams and driving gearing of both devices are housed in a common casing 3| which is attached to a pair of lugs M8 on a supporting base I41 by screws I48. In alignment with the push rods 2I and 2| are a pair of screws I49, I50 which are threaded into apertures in a rear supporting standard II which is in turn secured to the supporting base I41 by the screws I52. Suitable lock I i-tuned fromzany:station;tozanyrothersofs the ;2;500

rnuts 1153;.2-154 arezlprovided for; lockinglthesscrews 1B9;- aridL'IlEIisin desiredipositions.

Instead eof .moperatingtrtuning -'.'elements as bin :IFlig; 1 :thapu'sh rods 21 2| "1 operatezthe :adjust- 5 aable gage blockstsrt55g.I5liwrhichlareridisposed op- ..ap0Sibe ai fsimilaralpairvofi gage .blocks vI 51 and M58. 1 Thergage blocks'tl55to "I 58 are madeiofmhardvmaterial asgfor: example; A carboloy, somehard: steel, 3 hard:zchromeseplated or nitrided steel and the I 10 I [opposedlifacesaof eachxzpair I are ground-rrflat and polished. In'ithis form of-the invention -the' long -spiral spring =;45. of Eig: l; is replaced by a shor-ter :spiral spring-"59 M continually increasing radius, astishown, the small end of the spring aen'gaging 15 aLdiscJF-GII-securedto ithe push rod 2 I The 'large sendofaeach 1 spring l 59 is anchored against; the rear lw'all of the plate' 55 -by means or a generally I conical =shaped 1 casing 'I Ii I whichds 1 secured to the plate 55' by the screws I 62. -Each l casing 61 120 at its -rear en'd :is -bored as- 'at fl BSg-to form a supporting' hubtfor i the push =rods- 2 I f and 2 I 'f.

In this form of the inventionthe dials of both units are preferably graduated in inche or-other -amit of =iength and the numbering on the dials ;reversed from the-arrangement shown in Fig. 2, tbothd-ials ofpeach mnit reading zero" when the gagetblocks I 55- 1 5'I-and U tact-:and the dial readings ncreasing as'the space between the gage blocks us increased-*in-resp onse l 2 I -ZI If -the -divisions on -the outer dial" I8 :areifor exampla'0;;010, 2020; .030; etc.,= inch: and the-inner ldial' 15's-is graduated-so that each di- .iViSiOIl :100101 inch,"--then the spacing between ss' the gagablocks M55 and :I5I maybe; readily de- ..terminembysmerelyaaddingtogether the readings 10f: the 'itwoe dials. .1 Fonsexamplaxifrithe outer:.dial reads .010 and the reading on the inner dial is 5, then the distance between the gage blocks is 4.0 .0l0+.0005=.0105 inch. It will be understood that distances closer than .0001 inch may be approximated by setting the inner dial 15 between two dial divisions, it being readily possible to interpolate by the eye to within one fifth of a dial division. In using the device as a "go-no go gage, the knob I1 or both the knobs I1 and I8 are rotated until the spacing between the gage blocks I55 and I5! is the same as the maximum allowable size of the article under test. The knob II" or both the knobs I1" and I8 are then rotated until the spacing between the gage blocks I56 and I58 corresponds to the minimum tolerance limit in the size of the article. Each article under test is then passed down between the gage blocks of the two units. If the article fails to enter and pass between the blocks I55 and I51, it

is too large and is rejected. If the article passes between the gage blocks I55 and I51 and also passes between the blocks I56 and I58 it is re- 0 jected as being too small. It is a distinct advantage of the device that it may be quickly set for testing articles of any size within its scope of adjustment. Furthermore, any wearing away of the surfaces of the gage blocks may be readily rigigrpensated for by adjusting the screws I49 and While I have illustrated my invention as including a stepped cam as a spacing means for effecting different positions for the operated rod or member 21, each of which cam steps as described differs uniformly in thickness from a preceding one of said cam steps, it will be understood that for some purposes these cam portions may have any desired different thicknesses to meet the requirements of different purposes of use, whether the limited amount of movement of the lever or operating member L is equal to the difierence between successive thicknesses or not. It will further be understood that my invention is adapted for use where lesser degrees of accuracy of movement are permissible than for the uses described; for example, for the purpose of the relatively general grading or grouping of objects as to size, or the resonant selection of radio stations from a relatively small group of stations such as the broadcast band, the high degree of accuracy described may not be required; in such cases the spacing means or cam 0 need not be provided with the balls 96, but may be an integral structure made from a single metal block, with a degree of accuracy in any case, that is commensurate with the intended purpose of the structure.

I have described what I believe to be the best embodiments of my invention. I do not wish,

however, to be confined to the embodiments set.

forth, but what I cut is set forth in I claim:

desire to cover by Letters Patthe app nded claims.

1. A cam disc having an end face thereof pro- 2. A cam having the rear end face thereof provided with a plurality of balls which are spaced apart by substantially equal distances and disposed at successively increasing elevations with the increment in elevation between successive balls being substantially constant, a thin disc disposed alongside the front face of the cam and provided with a plurality of separate bendable radially extending leaves disposed directly opposite the said balls and radially adjustable means disposed between the front face of the cam and each of said bendable leaves adapted to bend the leaves individually by desired amounts.

3. A cam disc of relatively soft material having an end face thereof provided with a series of balls of relatively hard metal spaced from one another circumferentially of the disc, said balls being permanently and immovably embedded in the relatively soft disc material and protruding beyond the end face thereof, and disposed at successively increasing elevations from the first through the last of the entire series, the increments in elevation between successive balls being of accurately determined magnitude, and a contact member and. micrometric adjusting means therefor provided in alignment with each of the balls for regulating the thickness of the cam at a plurality of regions thereof.

4. A spacing cam disc having a multiplicity of successive sectors of progressively increasing thickness adapted to be turned into an efiective position one after the other by rotation of the cam, each sector including bi-directional thickness adjusting means whereby its thickness may be precisely increased or diminished independently of adjacent sectors and fixed to provide an individually characteristic thickness of predetermined magnitude.

SIDNEY Y. WHITE. 

